英语主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,宾语从句 怎么区分?
1..位置不同：理论上讲,主语从句在主语的位置（当然实际中会有变式,如后面提到的头沉问题）,表语在表语的位置,其他同理
2..语法功能不同：这是关键.主语从句充当主语,（可能是直接形式主语.也可能是逻辑主语,因为形式上,主语可能有代词充当,如it）,表语从句起表语作用,其他同理
3..从句是相对于主句来说的,从句是套在主句里面的小橘子.在一个简单句里,每个语法成分基本都是一个词组充当的,如：It is obvious.（这是很显然的.）it 充当主语,is 系动词,obvious表语.
但是实际语言使用中,我们总想用一个橘子表达尽可能多的信息量,却远远不止是一个简单句可以完全囊括的.如句子：他是对的是很显然的（即：很显然,他是对的）,想表达充当主语的内容：“他是对的”,显然,一个词组或一个结构是不够的,为此就需要引进从句,按照语法规则,内嵌进主句中：如,That he is right is obvious.that he is right,充当主语成分,是个分句,所以,叫主语从句.当然,为了美感,也就是常说的,避免头沉,我们常说,It is obvious that he is right.其他从句,同理.
例：
1...在That he is right is obvious.中,主语从句是That he is right,直接的形式上的主语；变式--->>> 在 It is obvious that he is right.中,that he is right 是主语从句,是逻辑主语,即真正的句子主语,形式主语是It.
2...表语从句：What he is interested in is how to make money.表从是how to make money,作表语.
3...同位语从句：用来解释展开所修饰的同位语所包含的信息的从句.如：比较经典的：The news came that they won./ The news that they won came.
that they won 都是the news 的同位语从句,即the news 所包含的新闻内容就是他们赢了
4...宾语从句：最常见的：I think that you are right.从句 that you are right 做think的宾语,所以叫宾语从句.
定语从句 宾语从句 主语从句 状语从句 表语从句 同位语从句的区别
定语从句,作用相当于名词,通常由 that (既用余物又可用于人),which(一般只用来指物),who/whom(只用于指人)
e.g.I deserve more than the grade that/which I have been given.
The girl who is giggling over there is a beauty if her head were sacked.
宾语从句,相当于名词做宾语,由that引导,也可由连接代词或连接副词,还有what
e.g.We suspended that it was a trick to get our money.
Only you can decide who is the best chioce.
Tell me what you are thinking ahout the plan.
状语从句,作用相当于副词,是最复杂的一类从句,在句中的位置比较灵活,具体的引导词要根据不同类型的状语从句来定.
具体有以下几类:
1.时间状语从句,可由when,after,before,till(untill),since (这些是比较常用的)等来引导,有时状语从句也可以不由引导词来引导,而直接跟在一些表时间,频率的副词后.
e.g.When she pressed the button the lift stopped.
I have had another baby since I saw last time.
The boy didn't go to sleep untill his Dad came back.
I found the letter long after he had gone away.
(要去睡觉了,后面的,我以后在来接着写.或者推荐一本语法书)
