欧 亨利

欧亨利作家简介

欧·亨利 欧·亨利是其笔名，原名为威廉·西德尼·波特。美国著名批判现实主义作家，世界三大短篇小说大师之一。曾被评论界誉为曼哈顿桂冠散文作家和美国现代短篇小说之父。他的作品构思新颖，语言诙谐，结局常常出人意外。

代表作有小说集《白菜与国王》、《四百万》、《命运之路》、《咖啡馆里的世界公民》、《财神和爱神》、《麦琪的礼物》、《证券经纪人的浪漫故事》、《带家具出租的房间》、《包打听》、《警察与赞美诗》、《爱的牺牲》、《姑娘》、《醉翁之意》、《二十年后》、《小熊约翰·汤姆的返祖现象》、《丛林中的孩子》、《闹剧》、《最后一片藤叶》、《索利托牧场的卫生学》等。其中一些名篇如《爱的牺牲》、《警察与赞美诗》、《带家具出租的房间》、《麦琪的礼物》、《最后一片藤叶》等使他获得了世界声誉。

美国短篇小说家欧亨利简介

　　欧·亨利，原名威廉·西德尼·波特。19世纪末20世纪初美国著名短篇小说家，美国现代短篇小说创始人。与法国的莫泊桑、俄国的契诃夫并称为“世界三大短篇小说巨匠”。下面是我为大家整理的美国短篇小说家欧·亨利简介，希望大家喜欢!


　　欧亨利生平简介
　　世界范围内，有三名杰出的作家被评为短篇小说巨匠，他们分别是法国的莫泊桑、俄国的契诃夫以及美国的欧亨利。

　　欧亨利，本名叫做威廉·西德尼·波特，欧亨利是他的笔名。他出生于1862年9月11日，在度过了近四十八个春秋后，于1910年6月5日与世长辞。欧亨利的出生并不好，他的父亲是一名医生，但是由于父亲生活的无节制和酗酒的恶习，导致了家庭财政常常入不敷出，家境十分贫困，在母亲去世后，欧亨利便改由姑姑和祖母抚养，因为家庭的原因，欧亨利被迫于高中时中断学业，成为药店的学徒工只为养活自己。

　　欧亨利的一生并不平静，幼年时的困苦、成年后的挫折、爱人的离世、生活困顿给欧亨利带来了极大的痛苦，但却因为如此，欧亨利也从不平静的生活中获得了许多 灵感 ，这些灵感使他的创作才思泉涌，创作出了许多脍炙人口的短篇小说，成为美国最为有名的短篇小说家。在欧亨利的创作之路上，他的第一任妻子阿索尔·埃斯蒂斯给与了他重大的鼓励。

　　欧亨利的作品，因其 幽默 的讲述方式，获得了世界的赞美，成为了美国独特的小说家，并成为世界三大小说巨匠之一。
　　欧亨利的幽默
　　作为美国著名的短篇小说的开创者，欧亨利备受美国乃至全世界人们的赞誉。欧亨利的小说之所以如此有名，不仅仅因为小说的构思新颖独特，更是因为欧亨利的幽默，一定意义上，欧亨利小说的标志之一便是欧亨利的幽默。

　　欧亨利的小说常常出现出人意料的结果，欧亨利也常常将幽默和夸张的写作方法融入到他的作品之中，曲折的 故事 情节、幽默的叙事方法、外加上出人意料的结局，这三个要素成为欧亨利小说中不可或缺的。欧亨利的幽默并不是一般意义上的普通幽默，而是具有更深层涵义的黑色幽默，通过运用这种写作方法，让人们往往在笑声中不自觉的淌出泪水，引起读者在思想上的强烈共鸣。

　　在欧亨利的大多作品之中，其黑色幽默一直贯穿始末，这成为欧亨利表达思想的主要表达方式。在欧亨利的主要作品《最后一片落叶》、《警察与赞美诗》中，他均不同程度的运用了黑色幽默的手法，讽刺了社会现象，并通过讽刺来表达了自己的思想。在《警察与赞美诗》中，欧亨利用“好客”来形容监狱，被捕仅仅是一个美梦的黑色幽默，变相反映出社会的黑暗，就连进监狱都能成为美梦，可见现实社会的残酷，通过这样的写作手法，便能让读者深刻解读作者的用意。
　　欧亨利代表作
　　作为世界三大短篇小说的巨匠之一，欧亨利在他短短的四十八年时光中，创作了大量的文学作品，其数量高达三百多篇，被公认为是世界短篇小说高产作家，曾被评论界誉为“曼哈顿”桂冠散文作家和美国现代短篇小说之父。如此享誉盛名的一个人，欧亨利代表作以哪种类型的作品为主。

　　欧亨利的一生文学创作的题材有散文和小说，小说之中又包括短篇小说和长篇小说。欧亨利代表作的类型以短篇小说为主，这主要由于以下两个方面的原因所 决定 的。

　　第一，从欧亨利创作类型的数量来看，欧亨利虽然创作题材中有散文，但是其数量与小说数量相较来看，简直就是小巫见大巫。另外欧亨利的所有小说中只有一篇长篇小说《白菜与国王》，而其他的小说皆为短篇小说。

　　第二，从欧亨利的知名度来源来看，广大读者之所以喜爱欧亨利，大多数是因为对欧亨利的短篇小说的喜爱。

　　那么在三百多篇的作品之中，欧亨利的代表作有《警察与赞美诗》、《最后一片落叶》、《麦琪的礼物》、《财神与爱神》、《二十年后》等等。这些作品之所以能够成为欧亨利的代表作，主要的有以下两个原因。

　　第一、这些作品或者通过生动的描述方式，或者运用了欧亨利式结尾，深深吸引了广大读者，赢得了读者们的喜爱。

　　第二、这些作品通过故事的描述，反映了深刻的社会问题。
　　欧亨利写作风格
　　世界上有许多的作家，有的功成名就，名垂千古，有的默默无名，直至终老。但不论是上述哪种情况的哪一种作家，在他们的创作道路上，在他们的文学作品中，都会形成专属于他们自己的写作风格。

　　欧亨利的作品创作，与他个人的亲身经历密不可分，在众多的作品之中，或多或少的都存在着欧亨利的影子。欧亨利的写作风格也是由此而逐渐形成的，其独特的写作风格主要体现在以下四个方面。

　　第一、写作的题材和对象的固定化。欧亨利的一生曾去过美国西部，而后重新回到美国大城市生活，所以在欧亨利的写作题材囊括了美国西部的生活、美国大城市的生活，其中以美国大城市的生活为主。而欧亨利本人也并非什么大人物，所以他的写作对象同样大多数也是混迹于社会底层的小人物。

　　第二、欧亨利小说的虽然短小，但其构思极为巧妙，将许多看似不可能发生的事情串联在一起，引人入胜。

　　第三、欧亨利小说以语言幽默为主要特色，通过幽默的语言技巧，让读者往往泪水含笑，笑中含泪的进行阅读。

　　第四、欧亨利的小说结局往往出人意料，这种结局被称为欧亨利式结尾。

猜你喜欢：

1. 高中数学教学计划范文3篇

2. 赫尔曼梅尔维尔的简介

3. 2017年河南语文高考试卷

4. 语文六年级下册第15课凡卡教学设计

5. 文学家杰克伦敦的简介

欧亨利的代表作有哪些？

欧亨利的代表作有：1、四百万：《四百万》是欧·亨利最著名也是最出色的一个集子。取名为“四百万”，其用意在这部集子的前言里有所阐释：不久前，有人声称纽约只有四百人值得我们关注。但是一个更为聪明的人，一个人口统计者认为值得我们关注的人的数目要大得多。由此可见，欧·亨利具有民主主义思想，他要描写的是小人物的喜怒哀乐、悲欢离合。2、二十年后：《二十年后》是美国作家欧·亨利的作品，该小说通过这两个青年20年后重逢之际所发生的意外变化，反映了美国19世纪后半期到第一次世界大战前美国社会生活各方面的深刻变迁。3、最后一片叶子：《最后一片叶子》是美国作家欧·亨利的作品，该作品描写一位老画家为患肺炎而奄奄一息的穷学生画最后一片常春藤叶的故事。4、警察与赞美诗：《警察与赞美诗》是美国作家欧·亨利的短篇小说。该短篇小说讲述的是一个穷困潦倒，无家可归的流浪汉苏比，因为寒冬想去监狱熬过，所以故意犯罪，去饭店吃霸王餐，扰乱治安，偷他人的伞，调戏妇女等。然而这些都没有让他如愿进监狱，最后，当他在教堂里被赞美诗所感动，想要从新开始，改邪归正的时候，警察却将他送进了监狱。5、麦琪的礼物：《麦琪的礼物》是欧·亨利创作的短篇小说，讲述了一对穷困的年轻夫妇忍痛割爱互赠圣诞礼物的故事，反映了美国下层人民生活的艰难，赞美了主人公善良的心地和纯真爱情。

欧亨利的代表作有哪些?

欧亨利的代表作有：1、《警察与赞美诗》是美国作家欧·亨利的短篇小说。该短篇小说讲述的是一个穷困潦倒，无家可归的流浪汉苏比，因为寒冬想去监狱熬过，所以故意犯罪，去饭店吃霸王餐，扰乱治安，偷他人的伞，调戏妇女等，然而这些都没有让他如愿进监狱。最后，当他在教堂里被赞美诗所感动，想要从新开始，改邪归正的时候，警察却将他送进了监狱。该小说展示了当时美国下层人民无以为生的悲惨命运。2、《最后一片叶子》是美国作家欧·亨利的作品。该作品描写一位老画家为患肺炎而奄奄一息的穷学生画最后一片常春藤叶的故事。老画家贝尔曼是一个在社会底层挣扎了一辈子的小人物，一生饱经风霜、穷困潦倒，却热爱绘画艺术，为挽救一个青年画家的生命而献出了自己的生命。3、《四百万》是欧·亨利最著名也是最出色的一个集子。欧·亨利具有民主主义思想，他要描写的是小人物的喜怒哀乐、悲欢离合。他善于描写美国社会尤其是纽约百姓的生活。4、《麦琪的礼物》欧·亨利创作的短篇小说，讲述了一对穷困的年轻夫妇忍痛割爱互赠圣诞礼物的故事，反映了美国下层人民生活的艰难，赞美了主人公善良的心地和纯真爱情。5、《红毛酋长的赎金》世界短篇小说之王欧亨利的作品，文章讲述了一个绑架的故事“我”与比尔在一个名叫顶峰镇的地方，绑架了这个镇上有名望的居民埃比尼泽∙多塞特的独子。

欧亨利是哪国的

欧亨利是美国的。欧亨利是一位高产作家，他写下了许多短篇小说，并深受读者们的欢迎，成为脍炙人口的文学作品。在他诸多的小说中，描写故事中的场景大多可以分为三类，第一类是以美国西部为主，第二类以美国大城市为主，第三类很少，描写的场景有拉丁美洲等。另外在他的小说之中，有些主角是以美国人为原型的。从中可以看出，欧亨利小说的场景几乎是发生在美国的。欧·亨利的小说常常采用全知叙述者，即采用无所不知、无处不在的“上帝视角”对故事世界的一切予以揭示，还会不时地站出来对故事中的人物、场景进行评述。不过，“即便在一些以全知视角为主导的小说中，故事外叙事者有时也会暂时放弃自己的视角，采用人物视角来揭示人物对某个特定空间的心理感受。”人物视角就会作为人物的感知而构成故事内容的一部分，从而有效地塑造人物形象、展示人物心理活动，进而揭示作品的主题。

欧亨利简介

原名威廉·西德尼·波特（William Sydney Porter），是美国最著名的短篇小说家之一，曾被评论界誉 为曼哈顿桂冠散文作家和美国现代短篇小说之父。他出身于美国北卡罗来纳州格林斯波罗镇一个医师家庭。 他的一生富于传奇性，当过药房学徒、牧牛人、会计员、土地局办事员、新闻记者、银行出纳员。当银行出 纳员时，因银行短缺了一笔现金，为避免审讯，离家流亡中美的洪都拉斯。后因回家探视病危的妻子被捕入 狱，并在监狱医务室任药剂师。他在银行工作时，曾有过写作的经历，担任监狱医务室的药剂师后开始认真 写作。1901 年提前获释后，迁居纽约，专门从事写作。 欧·亨利善于描写美国社会尤其是纽约百姓的生活。他的作品构思新颖，语言诙谐，结局常常出人意 外；又因描写了众多的人物，富于生活情趣，被誉为“美国生活的幽默百科全书”。代表作有小说集《白菜 与国王》、《四百万》、《命运之路》等。其中一些名篇如《爱的牺牲》、《警察与赞美诗》、《带家具出 租的房间》、《麦琪的礼物》、《最后一片藤叶》等使他获得了世界声誉。 欧·亨利晚年开始酗酒，身体情况恶化。 1907 年他再次结婚，但和妻子不和欧亨利简介，一年后即离婚。他的经济情况也不好，为了缓解生活压力欧亨利简介，他不得不以很快速度创作小说来换取稿费，这也导致了他的作品的质量参差不齐。1910 年欧·亨利因肝硬化去世。 O. Henry (1862-1910) - pseudonym of William Sydney Porter Prolific American short-story writer, a master of surprise endings, who wrote about the life of ordinary people in New York City. Typical for O. Henry's stories is a twist of plot which turns on an ironic or coincidental circumstance. Although some critics were not so enthusiastic about his work, the public loved it. O. Henry was born William Sydney Porter in Greenboro, North Carolina. His father, Algernon Sidney Porter, was a physician. When William was three, his mother died, and he was raised by his parental grandmother and paternal aunt. William was an avid reader, but at the age of fifteen he left school, and then worked in a drug store and on a Texas ranch. He continued to Houston, where he had a number of jobs, including that of bank clerk. After moving in 1882 to Texas, he worked on a ranch in LaSalle County for two years. In 1887 he married Athol Estes Roach; they had one daughter and one son. In 1894 Porter started a humorous weekly The Rolling Stone. It was at this time that he began heavy drinking. When the weekly failed, he joined the Houston Post as a reporter and columnist. In 1894 cash was found to have gone missing from the First National Bank in Austin, where Porter had worked as a bank teller. When he was called back to Austin to stand trial, Porter fled to Honduras to avoid trial. Little is known about Porter's stay in Central America. It is said, that he met one Al Jennings, and rambled in South America and Mexico on the proceeds of Jenning's robbery. After hearing news that his wife was dying, he returned in 1897 to Austin. In 1897 he was convicted of embezzling money, although there has been much debate over his actual guilt. Porter entered in 1898 a penitentiary at Columbus, Ohio. In 1907 O. Henry married Sara Lindsay Coleman, also born in Green *** oro. The marriage was not happy, and they separated a year later. O. Henry died of cirrhosis of the liver on June 5, 1910, in New York. Three more collections, SIXES AND SEVENS (1911), ROLLING STONES (1912) and WAIFS AND STRAYS (1917), appeared posthumously. In 1918 the O. Henry Memorial Awards were established to be given annually to the best magazine stories, the winners and leading contenders to be published in an annual volume.O. Henry was the pen name of American writer William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862–June 5, 1910), whose clever use of twist endings in his stories popularized the term "O. Henry Ending". His middle name at birth was Sidney, not Sydney; he later changed the spelling of his middle name when he first began writing as a journalist in the 1880s. Early life William Sidney Porter was born in 1862 on a plantation "Worth Place" in Green *** oro, North Carolina. When William was three, his mother died from tuberculosis, and he and his father moved to the home of his paternal grandmother. William was an avid reader, and graduated from his aunt's elementary school in 1876, then enrolled at the Linsey Street High School. In 1879 he started working as a bookkeeper in his uncle's drugstore and in 1881 – at the age of nineteen – he was licensed as a pharmacist. The Move to Texas He relocated to Texas in 1882, initially working on a ranch in La Salle County as a sheep herder and ranch hand, then Austin where he took a number of different jobs over the next several years, including pharmacist, draft *** an, journalist, and clerk. While in Texas he also learned Spanish. In 1887 he eloped with Athol Estes, then eighteen years old and from a wealthy family. Her family objected to the match because both she and Porter suffered from tuberculosis. Athol gave birth to a son in 1888, who died shortly after birth, and then a daughter, Margaret, in 1889. In 1894 Porter started a humorous weekly called The Rolling Stone. Also in 1894, Porter resigned from the First National Bank of Austin where he had worked as a teller, after he was accused of embezzling funds. In 1895, after The Rolling Stone ceased publication, he moved to Houston, where he started writing for the Houston Post. Shortly thereafter, he was arrested for embezzlement in connection with his previous employment in Austin. Flight and Return Porter was granted bond, but the day before he was due to stand trial on July 7, 1896, he absconded to New Orleans and later to Honduras. However, in 1897, when he learned that his wife was dying, he returned to the United States and surrendered to the court, pending an appeal. Athol Estes Porter died July 25, 1897. Porter was found guilty of embezzlement, sentenced to five years jail, and imprisoned April 25, 1898 at the Ohio State Penitentiary. He was released on July 24, 1901 for good behaviour after serving three years. Origin of Pen Name Porter published at least twelve stories while in prison to help support his daughter. Not wanting his readers to know he was in jail, he started using the pen name "O. Henry". It is believed that Porter got this name from one of the guards who was named Orrin Henry. However, there is much debate on this issue: one Porter biographer asserts that the name was derived from a girlfriend's cat, which answered to "Oh, Henry!" Guy Davenport, meanwhile, wrote that the name was a condensation of "Ohio Penitentiary". It also could be an abbreviation of the name of French pharmacist, Etienne-Ossian Henry, who is referred to in the U.S. Dispensatory, a reference work Porter used when he was in the prison pharmacy. Further confusing the issue is that for at least one short story, and for a later autobiographical author profile, Porter signed the "full" name Olivier Henry. Porter also used a number of other noms de plume, most notably "Alex, Longford", and continued using a variety of pen names full-time when he took a writing contract for Ainslee's Magazine in New York City shortly after his release from prison. Eventually, "O. Henry" became the name that was most recognized by magazine editors and the reading public, and therefore led to the greatest fees for story sales. Accordingly, after about 1903 Porter used the "O. Henry" byline exclusively. In fact, after his prison term Porter almost never identified himself in print by his real name, even in private correspondence to close friends. To editors, he was simply O. Henry (or occasionally Olivier Henry). When writing to friends, however, he would routinely sign his letters with one of a wide range of deliberately nonsensical pseudonyms, such as "Horatio Swampwater". A Brief Stay At The Top Porter married again in 1907 to his childhood sweetheart, Sarah Lindsey Coleman. However, despite the success of his short stories being published in magazines and collections (or perhaps because of the attendant pressure success brought), Porter became an alcoholic. Sarah left him in 1909, and he died in 1910 of cirrhosis of the liver. After funeral services in New York City, he was buried in Asheville, North Carolina. His daughter, Margaret Worth Porter, died in 1927 and was buried with her father. Attempts were made to secure a presidential pardon for Porter during the administrations of Woodrow Wilson, Dwight Eisenhower and Ronald Reagan. However, each attempt was met with the assertion that the Justice Department did not recommend pardons after death. This policy was clearly altered during the administration of Bill Clinton (who pardoned Henry Flipper), so the question of a pardon for O. Henry may yet again see the light of day. Stories O. Henry stories are famous for their surprise endings. He was called the American Guy De Maupassant. Both authors wrote twist endings, but O. Henry stories were much more playful and optimistic. Most of O.Henry's stories are set in his own time, the early years of the 20th century. Many take place in New York City, and deal for the most part with ordinary people: clerks, policemen, waitresses. His stories are also well known for witty narration. The Four Million (a collection of stories) opens with a reference to Ward McAllister's "assertion that there were only 'Four Hundred' people in New York City who were really worth noticing. But a wiser man has arisen—the census taker—and his larger estimate of human interest has been preferred in marking out the field of these little stories of the 'Four Million'". To O. Henry, everyone in New York counted. He had an obvious affection for the city, which he called Baghdad on the Subway, and many of his stories are set there—but others are set in *** all towns and in other cities. His famous story A Municipal Report opens by quoting Frank Norris: "Fancy a novel about Chicago or Buffalo, let us say, or Nashville, Tennessee! There are just three big cities in the United States that are 'story cities' — New York, of course, New Orleans, and, best of the lot, San Francisco." Thumbing his nose at Norris, O. Henry sets the story in Nashville. Fundamentally a product of his time, O. Henry's work provides one of the best English examples of catching the entire flavor of an age. Whether roaming the cattle-lands of Texas, exploring the art of the "gentle grifter", or investigating the tensions of class and wealth in turn of the century New York, O. Henry had an inimitable hand for isolating some element of society and describing it with an incredible economy and grace of language. Some of his best and least-known work resides in the collection "Cabbages and Kings", a series of stories which each explore some individual aspect of life in a paralytically sleepy South American town while each advancing some aspect of the larger plot and relating back one to another in a complex structure which slowly explicates its own background even as it painstakingly erects a town which is one of the most detailed literary creations of the period. Spoiler warning: Plot and/or ending details follow. O. Henry is so famous for his unexpected plot twists that this warning is especially important. A famous story of his, "The Gift of the Magi", concerns a young couple who are short of money but desperately want to buy each other Christmas gifts. Unbeknownst to Jim, Della sells her most valuable possession, her beautiful hair, in order to buy a platinum fob chain for Jim's watch; unbeknownst to Della, Jim sells his most valuable possession, his watch, to buy jeweled combs for Della's hair. The essential premise of this story has been copied, re-worked, parodied, and otherwise re-told countless times in the century since it was written. The Ransom of Red Chief concerns two men who kidnap a boy of ten. The boy turns out to be so bratty and obnoxious that the desperate men ultimately pay the boy's father two hundred and fifty dollars to take him back. The Cop and the Anthem concerns a New York City hobo named Soapy, who sets out to get arrested so he can spend the cold winter as a guest of the city jail. Despite efforts at petty theft, vandali *** , disorderly conduct, and "mashing", Soapy fails to draw the attention of the police. Disconsolate, he pauses in front of a church, where an organ anthem inspires him to clean up his life - whereupon he is promptly arrested for loitering. In A Retrieved Reformation, safecracker Jimmy Valntine gets a job in a *** all town bank to case it for a robbery. Unexpectedly, he falls in love with the banker's daughter, and decides to go straight. Just as he's about to leave to deliver his specialized tools to an old associate, a lawman who recognizes him arrives at the bank, and a child locks herself in the airtight vault. Knowing it will seal his fate, Valentine cracks open the safe to rescue the child - and the lawman lets him go. [edit] Cultural relations O. Henry once said: "There are stories in everything. I've got some of my best yarns from park benches, lampposts, and newspaper stands." [citation needed] The O. Henry Awards are yearly prizes given to outstanding short stories. The O. Henry Pun-Off World Championships are held in May of each year in Austin, Texas, hosted by the city's O. Henry Museum. O. Henry is a household name in Russia, as his books enjoyed excellent translations and some of his stories were made into popular movies, the best known being, probably, "The Ransom of Red Chief". The phrase "Bolivar cannot carry double" from "The Roads We Take" has become a Russian proverbs, whose origin many Russians do not even recognize. O. Henry's first wife, Athol, was probably the model for Della[1]. In 1952 a film featuring five O. Henry stories was made. The primary one from the critic's acclaim was "The Cop and the Anthem" starring Charles Laughton and Marilyn Monroe. The other stories are "The Clarion Call," "The Last Leaf," "The Ransom of Red Chief," and "The Gift of the Magi." There is an O. Henry Middle School in Austin.